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There
are two major organizations, namely the Open GIS Consortium, Inc.
(OGC) and the Technical Committee tasked by the International Standards
Organization (ISO/TC211), that set industry standards for distributed
GIServices. The main goals of OGC are the full integration of geospatial
data and geoprocessing resources into mainstream computing, and
the widespread use of interoperable geoprocessing software and geodata
products throughout the information infrastructure (OGC, 1998).
ISO/TC211 emphasizes a service-oriented view of geoprocessing technology
and a balanced concern for information, application, and systems
(Kuhn, 1997). The chapter will introduce the two organizations and
their Internet GIS and Distributed GIServices standards. Metadata
standards will also be discussed.
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Chapter 6 Standards for Distributed GIServices
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| 6.1
The OpenGIS Specification |
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6.1.1 The OpenGIS Abstract
Specification |
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6.1.2
Open GIS Implementation Specifications
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| 6.1.3
The OpenGIS Standard in Practice |
| 6.2
The ISO/TC 211 and its ISO Standards |
| 6.2.1
The ISO 19101 -- Reference Model |
| 6.2.2
The ISO Geospatial Data Model |
| 6.2.3
The ISO Standard in Practice |
| 6.3
Comparison between OGC and ISO/TC 211 |
| 6.4
The Development of Geospatial Metadata Standards |
| 6.4.1
Introduction to Geospatial Metadata and the FGDC Metadata Standards |
| 6.4.2
The ISO Standard for GIS Metadata |
| 6.4.3
An Object-Oriented Metadata Framework |
| 6.5
Discussion |
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The
Open GIS Consortium Implementation Specification (http://www.opengis.org/techno/implementation.htm)
Following the links offered in this website, you can explore
the detailed specifications. The contents of the OpenGIS Specification
(both the abstract and implementation specifications) are based
on three conceptual models, the Open Geodata Model (OGM), OpenGIS
Services and Information Communities Model. Implementation Specifications
are created by GIS software vendors, based on specific Distributed
Computing Platforms (DCP) or languages such as XML. Two important
Implementation Specifications are the OpenGIS
Web Map Server (WMS) Interfaces Implementation Specification
and the OpenGIS
Geography Markup Language (GML) Implementation Specification.
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ISO/TC
211 (http://www.isotc211.org/)
ISO Standards proposes a standard framework for the description
and management of geographic information and geographic information
services. The ISO Geographic Information Standards was known
as the ISO 15046 Standards. The core concept of ISO Geographic
Information Standards is ISO 19101 Reference Model, which has
four conceptual components: Conceptual Modelling, the Domain
Reference Model, the Architectural Reference Model, and Profiles.
ISO/TC 211 did not specify the actual implementation specifications
for different platforms and the private software vendors. Instead,
ISO/TC 211 defines a high-level data model for the public sector,
such as governments, federal agencies, and professional organizations.
(from
Internet GIS)
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