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Internet
GIS utilize network communications to disseminate or to access geographic
information. Different Internet GIS applications may need different
kind of network environments for their specific purposes. This chapters
is to discuss the network infrastructures and hardware specifications
for wired GIS and wireless Mobil GIS. It is aimed to help the reader
to understand the concept of computing networking, the communication
process between computers, and the differences between local area
network and the Internet, and the differences in networking between
desktop GIS in the local area network environments and the Internet
GIS in the wide area network environments. It is these network technologies
provide high-speed communication channels for publishing and accessing
disseminating geographic information via networks.
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| Chapter
2 Fundamentals of Computer Networking |
| 2.1
Introduction to Network Environments |
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2.1.1
traditional GISystems Solutions
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2.1.2
Internet GIServices Solutions
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2.1.3
Network Environments
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| 2.2
Network Communication Models and Protocols |
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2.2.1
The OSI Model
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2.2.2
Protocols
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2.2.3
TCP/IP
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| 2.3
Information Exchange Process Between Two Computers |
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2.3.1
Packet Components
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2.3.2
Information Flow Between Two Computers
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| 2.4
Information Communications in Local Area Networks |
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2.4.1
Components of Local Area Networks
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2.4.2
LAN Architectures
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2.4.3
FDDI
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2.4.4
Wireless LANs
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| 2.5
Information Communications in Wide Area Networks |
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2.5.1
Circuit-Switched WANs
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2.5.2
Packet-Switched WANs
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| 2.6
The Internet and Future Development |
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- Internet2
(http://www.internet2.edu)
Internet2 is a consortium being led by 200 universities working
in partnership with industry and government to develop and deploy
advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the
creation of tomorrow's Internet. The website is hosted by The
University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID),
which is a nonprofit consortium. The website introduces studies
in advanced applications, middleware, new networking capabilities,
advanced networking infrastructure, etc. The applications initiatives
cover the fields of health science, arts and humanities, digital
video, geospatial processing, remote instrumentation, etc. Among
that, Internet2
Glossary and Style Guide gives definitions and explanations
of many advanced networking terms for beginners to start with;
Information
Kit provides documents and multimedia that users are interested
in and capable to download; Internet2
Videospace presents net-accessible and high-performance video
about Internet2.
- NGI
(Next Generation Internet) (http://www.ngi.gov)
The Next Generation Internet Program was initiated in 1996 and
was successfully completed. The principal agencies involved in
this initiative are the National Science Foundation, the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Department of Energy, NASA,
and the National Institutes of Health. Other agencies may be involved
in promoting specific applications related to their missions.
There was about $100 million fund allocated for R&D and research
networks to develop the Next Generation Internet. The Three major
goals of this program was to connect universities and national
labs with high-speed networks that are 100 - 1000 times faster
than today's Internet; to promote experimentation with the next
generation of networking technologies and to demonstrate new applications
that meet important national goals and missions. The website provides
detailed information on the program, president’s address,
its potential applications, publications, etc. Federal agencies
are currently coordinating advanced networking research programs
under the Large Scale Networking (LSN) Coordinating Group. Please
see the LSN Website at www.itrd.gov/iwg/pca/lsn.
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